Linux - smartctl で HDD 診断！
Updated:
こんにちは。
Linux でハードディスクの状態をある程度診断できる smartctl コマンドについての備忘録です。
0. 前提条件
- Debian GNU Linux 7.8.0, CentOS 6.6, Linux Mint 17.1 での作業を想定。
smartctlコマンドが利用可能である。
（RedHat 系ではデフォルトでインストールされているが、 Debian 系ではデフォルトでインストールされていないので、apt-get install smartmontools等でインストールしておく）- 以下では root ユーザになって作業を行なっている。
1. smartctl コマンド実行（エラーありのケース）
-a or --all オプションで SMART 情報全てを表示してみる。（この項の最後に簡単な説明あり）
# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Maxtor DiamondMax 10 (SATA/300)
Device Model: Maxtor 6V250F0
Serial Number: V501XATG
LU WWN Device Id: 0 150500 7b27f269a
Firmware Version: VA111630
User Capacity: 251,000,193,024 bytes [251 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: 7
ATA Standard is: ATA/ATAPI-7 T13 1532D revision 0
Local Time is: Sun Feb 15 13:31:35 2015 JST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 21) The self-test routine was aborted by
the host.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 2102) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 114) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x0021) SCT Status supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 32
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 186 185 063 Pre-fail Always - 20281
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 1477
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 253 253 063 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000a 253 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0027 247 241 187 Pre-fail Always - 65480
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 185 185 000 Old_age Always - 23563
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x002b 253 252 157 Pre-fail Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x002b 253 252 223 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 250 250 000 Old_age Always - 1212
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 066 039 000 Old_age Always - 34 (Min/Max 32/34)
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0032 039 253 000 Old_age Always - 34
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x000a 253 240 000 Old_age Always - 764
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0008 253 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0008 253 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 253 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0008 001 001 000 Old_age Offline - 10909
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x000a 253 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
201 Soft_Read_Error_Rate 0x000a 253 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
202 Data_Address_Mark_Errs 0x000a 253 250 000 Old_age Always - 0
203 Run_Out_Cancel 0x000b 253 252 180 Pre-fail Always - 0
204 Soft_ECC_Correction 0x000a 253 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
205 Thermal_Asperity_Rate 0x000a 253 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
207 Spin_High_Current 0x002a 253 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
208 Spin_Buzz 0x002a 253 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
210 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 253 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
211 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 253 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
212 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 253 001 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 7 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 7 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 18365 hours (765 days + 5 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was in an unknown state.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 01 02 68 16 e8 Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
00 00 01 02 68 16 e8 00 01:53:24.279 NOP [Abort queued commands]
ca 00 01 02 68 16 e8 00 01:53:24.269 WRITE DMA
c8 00 20 18 67 4d e9 00 01:53:24.261 READ DMA
c8 00 20 38 3c 4f e9 00 01:53:24.259 READ DMA
c8 00 20 18 66 4d e9 00 01:53:24.253 READ DMA
Error 6 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 18325 hours (763 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was in an unknown state.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 10 78 72 8c e8 Error: ICRC, ABRT at LBA = 0x088c7278 = 143422072
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ca 00 10 78 72 8c e8 00 00:47:50.442 WRITE DMA
25 00 20 60 9b d5 e0 00 00:47:50.431 READ DMA EXT
c8 00 08 80 72 8c e8 00 00:47:50.409 READ DMA
25 00 20 e0 58 d5 e0 00 00:47:50.400 READ DMA EXT
25 00 20 20 d2 d5 e0 00 00:47:50.395 READ DMA EXT
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Aborted by host 50% 22989 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
以下、簡単な説明。
- 存在する HDD デバイスを確認するだけなら
--scanオプション。 - ディスクの情報のみ出力するなら
-ior--infoオプション。 - ベンダー固有の属性のみを出力するなら
-Aor--attributesオプション。 - 対応可能な自己診断を確認するなら
-cor--capabilitiesオプション。 - 自己診断(short)するなら
-t shortオプション。（short以外にlong等もあり） - エラーログのみを出力するなら
-l erroror--log=errorオプション。 - その他のオプション、使用方法の詳細は
-hor--helpオプションを使用するか、man smartctlで確認可。 SMART support is: Available ...と SMART 対応にも関わらず次の行でEnabledになっていなければ、 SMART 機能が有効になっていない。
smartctl -s on /dev/sdaで有効にする。Short self-test routine recommended polling time,Extended self-test routine recommended polling timeの数字はセルフテストに要する時間。- ベンダー固有属性（
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds）で閾値未満の項目がある場合、WHEN_FAILED列に-以外（FAILING_NOW等）が出力される。 - SMART エラーがあれば
SMART Error Log Version: 1以下に（最大で直近５つ分）出力される。（上記の例では７つあるはずだが直近２つしか出力されていない。なぜか）
上記の例でのABRTは “Command ABoRTed” で、ICRC“Interface Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) error” のことである。（※今後の懸案事項）
2. smartctl コマンド実行（エラーなしのケース）
上記は SMART エラーの存在する HDD であったが、エラーの存在しない HDD の場合は、以下のように出力される。
# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [i686-linux-2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.i686] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Hitachi Travelstar 7K320
Device Model: Hitachi HTS723232L9A360
Serial Number: 100108FC1420NEJKPD8G
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 582e439a2
Firmware Version: FC4OC30F
User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: 8
ATA Standard is: ATA-8-ACS revision 3f
Local Time is: Sun Feb 15 13:58:28 2015 JST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 645) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 96) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 062 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 040 Pre-fail Offline - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 253 253 033 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 74
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 067 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 040 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 43878
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 62
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x000a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 6
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 024 024 000 Old_age Always - 764531
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 220 220 000 Old_age Always - 25 (Min/Max 16/47)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 1294
223 Load_Retry_Count 0x000a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
3. セルフテスト（ショート）
# smartctl -t short /dev/sda
smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 2 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sun Feb 15 16:44:42 2015
Use smartctl -X to abort test.
smartctl -a で Short self-test routine recommended polling time に 2(minutes) と記載されていたとおり、２分ほどかかる。
（テストを中止したい場合は smartctl -X /dev/sda とする）
２分以上したら、以下のようにログを確認してみる。
# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 23567 -
ちなみに、セルフテスト（ロング）を行うなら -t long オプションを使用すればよい。
4. 健康状態チェック
各種テスト結果から収集した全体の健康状態を見るには以下のように実行する。
# smartctl -H /dev/sda
smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
今回の例のように多少のエラーであれば、 PASSED となるようだ。
5. 参考サイト
詳しいことはもっと勉強しないといけませんが、ある程度の診断は可能です。
以上。
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